{"id":5319,"date":"2021-04-25T17:42:13","date_gmt":"2021-04-25T12:12:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tocxten.com\/?page_id=5319"},"modified":"2021-04-25T17:42:13","modified_gmt":"2021-04-25T12:12:13","slug":"module-1-introduction-to-html-and-css","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/tocxten.com\/index.php\/module-1-introduction-to-html-and-css\/","title":{"rendered":"Module 1: Introduction to HTML and CSS"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

MODULE 1- Part1  Notes <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syllabus : <\/strong>Introduction to HTML, What is HTML and Where did it come from?, HTML Syntax, Semantic Markup, Structure of HTML Documents, Quick Tour of HTML Elements, HTML5 Semantic Structure Elements, Introduction to CSS, What is CSS, CSS Syntax, Location of Styles, Selectors, The Cascade: How Styles Interact, The Box Model, CSS Text Styling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A: Introduction to HTML<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. Introduction to HTML<\/li>
  2. What is HTML and Where did it come from?<\/li>
  3. HTML Syntax<\/li>
  4. Semantic Markup<\/li>
  5. Structure of HTML Documents<\/li>
  6. Quick Tour of HTML Elements<\/li>
  7. HTML5 Semantic Structure Elements <\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    B: Introduction to CSS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1. Introduction to CSS<\/li>
    2. What is CSS?<\/li>
    3. CSS Syntax<\/li>
    4. Location of Styles<\/li>
    5. Selectors<\/li>
    6. The Cascade: How Styles Interact<\/li>
    7.  The Box Model<\/li>
    8.  CSS Text Styling.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      A. Introduction to HTML<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      1.What is HTML and Where did it Come From : <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      HTML is a markup language<\/a> that web browsers<\/a> use to interpret and compose<\/a> text, images, and other material into visual or audible web pages. Default characteristics for every item of HTML markup are defined in the browser, and these characteristics can be altered or enhanced by the web page designer’s additional use of CSS<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      [Source<\/strong> : https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HTML<\/a> ] <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language. HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages . HTML describes the structure of a Web page . HTML consists of a series of elements which\u00a0 tell the browser how to display the content and label pieces of content such as “this is a heading”, “this is a paragraph”, “this is a link”, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      The first public specification (version) of the HTML was written by Physicist ,Tim Beners Lee in 1991. It describes 18 elements comprising the initial, relatively simple design of HTML.Later in 1997 HTML\u2019s codification  was introduced by the World- Wide Web Consortium (W3C) . In 1998 following W3C specification of HTML was made public :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u201cTo publish information for global distribution one needs a universally understood language , a kind of publishing mother tongue that all computers may potentially understand . The publishing language used by the World Wide Web is HTML (Hyper text Markup Language).\u201d <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Since 1998, there have been many different versions of HTML. The most widely used version throughout the 2000’s was HTML 4.01, which became an official standard in December 1999. Another version, XHTML, was a rewrite of HTML as an XML language. XML is a standard markup language that is used to create other markup languages. Hundreds of XML languages are in use today, including GML (Geography Markup Language), MathML, MusicML, and RSS (Really Simple Syndication). Since each of these languages was written in a common language (XML), their content can easily be shared across applications. This makes XML potentially very powerful, and it’s no surprise that the W3C would create an XML version of HTML (again, called XHTML). XHTML became an official standard in 2000, and was updated in 2002. XHTML is very similar to HTML, but has stricter rules. Strict rules are necessary for all XML languages, because without it, interoperability between applications would be impossible. Most pages on the Web today were built using either HTML 4.01 or XHTML 1.0. However, in recent years, the W3C (in collaboration with another organization, the WHATWG<\/a>), has been working on a brand new version of HTML, HTML5. Currently (2011), HTML5 is still a draft specification, and is not yet an official standard. However, it is already widely supported by browsers and other web-enabled devices, and is the way of the future. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      [ Source<\/strong> : https:\/\/www.washington.edu\/accesscomputing\/webd2\/student\/lessons.html<\/a>] <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      What is Markup Language : <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      A markup language is simply a way of annotating a document in such a way as to make the annotations distinct from the text being annotated. Markup Languages such as HTML , Tex, XML and XHTML allow users to control how text and visual elements will be laid out and displayed . MArkup is a way to indicate information about the content that is distinct from the content. This information about content in HTML is implemented via tags or HTML elements .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Fig: Sample Ad Hoc Markup Languages:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

      At its simplest, markup is a way to indicate information about the content . This \u201cinformation about content\u201d in HTML is implemented via tags (aka elements). The markup in the above figure consists of the red text and the various circles and arrows on the one page, and the little yellow sticky notes on the other. HTML does the same thing but uses textual tags.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      What is W3C standard?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      The W3C is the main standards organization for the World Wide Web. To promote compatibility the W3C produces recommendations (also called specifications). In 1998, the W3C turned its attention to a new specification called XHTML 1.0, which was a version of HTML that used stricter XML (Extensible Markup Language) syntax rules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      The goal of XHTML with its strict rules was to make page rendering more predictable by forcing web authors to create web pages without syntax errors.The XML-based syntax rules for XHTML are pretty easy to follow. The main rules are: <\/p>\n\n\n\n